How do Distance Vector Algorithms (DVA) operate?

Distance Vector Algorithms (DVA) operate primarily through the mechanism of broadcasting their routing tables to directly connected neighbor routers. This method allows each router to share its current knowledge of the best paths to various destinations in the network. Each router maintains a table, or vector, of distances to each accessible destination, which it periodically sends to its neighbors. Based on the information received, routers can update their own tables to reflect the best known paths to different network destinations.

This approach is valuable because it enables routers to quickly converge on the best routing paths without needing to know the entire network topology. Instead, they rely on the data shared from adjacent routers, allowing for efficient updates and route calculations as network conditions change. Consequently, this reliance on direct neighbors and periodic updates distinguishes Distance Vector Algorithms from link-state routing protocols, which build a comprehensive map of the entire network.

The ability to dynamically update routing information based solely on local knowledge is a defining characteristic of Distance Vector algorithms, making broadcasting routing information to nearby routers a fundamental aspect of their operation.