What term describes a device that filters incoming and outgoing network traffic?

A firewall is specifically designed to filter incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet. Firewalls can block or allow traffic based on various criteria, including IP addresses, domain names, protocols, and ports. This capability helps to protect networks from unauthorized access, cyber threats, and other malicious activities.

In contrast, a router directs data packets between networks, ensuring that internet traffic finds the best path to its destination. A switch connects devices within a network and ensures that data packets are sent to the correct devices. Meanwhile, a modem converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission over phone lines or cable systems, enabling internet access but not specifically filtering network traffic. Thus, the role of a firewall is distinct and essential in managing network security.