What is the primary purpose of subnetting?

The primary purpose of subnetting is to allow network administrators to segment a single network address into smaller addresses. Subnetting divides a large network into multiple smaller, manageable sub-networks (or subnets). This segmentation helps improve the efficiency of address management, improves network performance through limited broadcast domains, and allows for better organization of network resources.

By creating subnets, organizations can allocate IP addresses based on specific departments or geographical locations, which leads to reduced network congestion and easier troubleshooting. Although the other options mention valid networking needs, such as allocating IP addresses and enhancing security measures, these are secondary benefits that arise from effective subnetting practices. The core function that subnetting serves is the division of a network into smaller, more manageable parts, facilitating improved administration and organization of IP address spaces.